He invaded Mesopotamia next, where he defeated Darius yet again, pushed across the mountains into Persia proper, and seized the mound of royal treasure that had been accumulating for over two centuries at Persepolis.
The priests there crowned him Pharaoh, and he founded the city of Alexandria (later a center of learning and Greek culture). By 331 he had defeated the Persian king Darius in two important battles and crossed into Egypt. Alexander was forced to execute several pretenders to his throne, subdue the Thra-cians and Illyrians (old enemies of the Macedonians), and quell a Greek revolt before he could travel with his army into Asia Minor to begin his conquest of Persia (in 334). In 336 b.c.e., at the age of twenty, the Macedonian king Alexander III, or Alexander the Great, inherited the resources and wealth of the Macedonian state left to him by his father, Philip II.
The Military Campaigns of Alexander the GreatĪlexander III.
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